Steam or hot-water boiler.



PATBNTED JULY 18, 1905. J. B. BERNHARD.

STEAM 0R HOT WATER BOILER.

APPLIOATIGN FILED 001.19,1904.

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PATENTED JULY 18, 1905.

J. B. BERNHARD. STEAM 0R HOT WATER BOILER.

APPLIOATION FILED OUT. 19,1904.

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PATBNTED JULY 18, 1905.

J. B. BERNHARD.

STEAM 08. HOT WATER BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED OGT.19,19Q4.

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'1' NITED STATES Patented July 18, 1905.

PATENT ()FFICE.

STEAM OR HOT-WATER BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 794,774, dated July 18,1905.

Application filed October 19, 1904; $eria1No. 229,204.

[0 (all; who/n it incl/y concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN B. BERNHARD, a citizen of the United. States,residing in the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam orHot-Tater Boilers for Heating Buildings, of which the following is aspecification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings,in which Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view on the line I I of Fig.2; Fig. 2, a horizontal sectional view on the line II II of Fig. 1; Fig.3, aside elevation of one section of the boiler; Fig. 4, a similar viewof the inner side of the section shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 5, a sideelevation of the other section of the boiler; Fig. 6, a similar view ofthe inner side of the section shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 7, a plan view ofthe boiler; Fig. 8, a horizontal sectional view of one section of theboiler on the line VIII VIII of Fig. 4; and Fig. 9, a similar view ofthe other section of the boiler, taken on the line IX IX of Fig. 6.

One of the many objects of this invention is to construct a boiler ofthe vertically-cylindrical type, which is equally well adapted for usein heating buildings by either steam or hot water.

A further object of the invention is to form such a boiler of twosemicylindrical sections adapted to be bolted together to form thecomplete boiler.

Another object is to so construct the firefiues and waterways in saidsections as to secure the greatest possible fire travel and to surroundall of the fiues with water and to provide a complete water-jacketaround the entire boiler.

Other important objects and advantages of the invention will appearhereinafter.

Referring to the various parts by numerals, 1 designates the frontsection of the boiler, which is formed with a fire-door 2, and 3designates the rear section thereof, which is formed with a smoke-outlett. Each section is formed with an outer wall 5 and a concentric innerwall 6, said walls being spaced a suitable distance apart to form acomplete waterjacket around the boiler. Near the lower ends of thesections the inner wall 6 is spaced farther from the outer wall than itis at the upper part of the sections in order to form a fire-pot 7 ofthe proper diameter and to pro vide a greater depth of water-jacket atthis point. The sections are slightly enlarged at their upper end toform the dome 8, which serves as a steam-dome when the boiler is used inconnection with a steam-heating plant and as a water-holder when it isused in connection with a plant using hot water as a heating medium. Thewater-spaces of the two sections are in communication with each other attheir upper ends through the registering openings 9 in the dome andthrough the registering openings 10 in the enlarged waterchambers at thebottoms of the sections. Suitable connecting-pipes or slip-nipples maybe inserted in these registering openings, said pipes being suitablypacked to prevent leakage at these points or connections. Thewaterspaces of the two sections are not in communication with eachotherexcept through the openings 9 and 10. Each section is formed withindependent waterways, through which the water-circulates around thefines; but the fire-flues of each'section are arranged to register withcorresponding flues of the other section, so that the fire travel willbe vertical and also back and forth horizontally in both sections of theboiler. This is very important, as it insures a thorough and evenheating of the water and an equal distribution of the heating gasesthroughout both sections.

The front section 1 is formed with two inwardextending vertical wings11. These wings are located an equal distance from the vertical centerof the section and are hollow, their inner ends being closed and theirouter ends being in open communication with the space between the outerand inner walls of the section, so that water may pass freely throughthem. The lower ends of these wings are connected by a substantiallyhorizontal bridge-wall section 12, which is also hollow and is incommunication at its outer end with the water-space, its inner end beingclosed. Supporting this bridge-wall section are two hollow arms 13,whose upper and inner ends are in communication with the hollowbridge-wall section and with the main Water-space, respectively, saidhollow arms in section 1 being located directly below the wings 11, asshown clearly in Fig. 4. The upper ends of the wings 11 are connected byan inwardextending hollow and substantially horizontal deflector 14, theupper surface of this deflector inclining outward and upward slightlyand being connected by the curved part 15 to the bottom wall of the domepart 8. In communication with the space between the deflector 14 and thebridge-wall section 12 is a cleaning-out door 16, whereby said space maybe readily cleaned when the boiler is in operation. The upper deflector14 extends inward a considerable distance beyond the inner face of thesection, so that when the two sections are assembled this deflectorprojects into the other section, as will hereinafter appear.

The rear section 2 of the boiler is formed with an inward-extendinghorizontal bridgewall section 17, which corresponds with the similarsection 12, formed on section 1. The inner closed ends of thesewall-sections abut closely together, as shown clearly in Fig. 1, andform a complete bridge across the boiler just above the fire-box andagainst the under side of which the products of combustion will contact.Connected to and serving to a certain extent to support and brace thisdeflectorsection or bridge-wall 17 is a hollow arm 18, similar to thearms 13 of the front section of the boiler, this arm 18 being located atthe vertical center of the section, as clearly shown in Fig. 6. Therearsection 3 is also formed with two vertical inward-extending wings19, which are located equal distances on each side of the verticalcenter of the section and correspond to the wings 11, formed on thesection 1. Said wings or sections are closed at their inner ends and attheir outer ends are in communication with the space between the outerand inner walls of the section, and attheir lower ends they are in opencommunication with the ends of the bridge-wall section 17. The upperends of the wings 19 extend to and are in communication with the domeportion of the section, as clearly shown in Fig. 6, so

that they extend above the wings 11 of section 1.

When the boiler-sections are assembled, the wings divide the interior ofthe boiler into two i(inter vertical flues 23 and one inner larger ue.in open communication with the fire-box and at their upper ends with theinner flue. The inner flue is divided by the deflectors 14 and 21 intohorizontal passage-ways through which the gases pass to thesmoke-outlet, so that the products of combustion after contacting withthe bottom of the bridge-wall and the supporting-arms 13 and 18 pass upthrough The outer flues are at their lower ends tending flue formed bythe deflectors 14 and 21 to the smoke-outlet.

The cleaning-out door 16 is in communication with the space between thebridge-Wall section 12 and the deflector 14, as before stated, in orderthat the flre flue may be readily cleaned, and a cleaning-door 24 is incommunication with the space 20 of section 1 in order that the uppersurface of the deflector 14 may be readily cleaned.

The sections are formed at their upper ends with registering flanges 25,through which bolts are passed to secure the sections together, similarflanges 26 being formed at their lower corners for a similar purpose.

Water enters the water-space of the boiler at the bottom thereof throughpipe 27, and the hot water or steam passes upward through pipe 28 at thetop thereof.

It will of course be understood that the necessary fittings to adapt theboiler for use may be applied, they being omitted from the drawings, asthey form no part of my present invention.

From the foregoing it will be readily understood that I produce a verysimple and efficient boiler which is adapted for use in either steam orhot-water heating plants. It will be further noted that as the boiler iscomposed of two sections adapted to be simply bolted together at theirupper and lower ends it will be practically im possible for workmen tomake any mistakes in assembling the boiler-sections, and, furthermore,as the sections are designed to be cast it will be readily appreciatedthat the boiler can be manufactured at a very low cost.

A great advantage resulting from the peculiar construction of my boileris that the hot gases passing up the side flues to the top of the boilerfirst start a rapid circulation of the water. Then by passing downwardthrough the center flue in a zigzag manner,as described, and strikingthe tops of the horizontal waterways or deflectors 14 and 21 and thebridgewall sections the upper part of the water in said deflectors andbridge-wall sections is heated, thus securing a more rapid circulationof the water than would be possible if the greater quantity of heat wasapplied to the bottoms of said deflectors and bridge-wall. It will beapparent that by carrying the heat directly up against the bottom of thedome and then directing it against the tops of the horizontal waterwaysa very rapid circulation of water will be obtained. It will be furthernoted that as the vertical waterways are continuous from the top to thebottom of each section there will be a uniform circulation of water ineach boiler-section, thus insuring a steady and uniform water-line inboth sections when the apparatus is used as a steam-boiler.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the the flues 23 and strike thebottom of the dome art that various modifications of the invention andthen through the zigzag downward-exmay be made without departing fromthe being open at their lower ends and in comscope of the invention, andI desire it understood that I do not wish to limit myself to the exactconstruction shown and described, except so far as the same may be madethe subject of specific claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, isr 1. A boiler comprising two verticalsections adapted to be bolted together, each section being formed withinward-extending vertical wings whose inner ends are adapted to abutclosely together to form vertical partitions across the said boiler,said wings being shorter than the boiler-sections whereby two verticalflues will be formed and one large inner flue between said wings, theouter flues being open at their lower ends to the flre-box and incommunication at their upper ends with the inner flue, means for forminga closed bridge-wall across the lower end of the inner flue, and meansfor dividing said inner flue horizontally to cause the products ofcombustion to pass therethrough in a'zigzag manner to an outlet at thelower end of said flue.

2. A boiler composed of two vertical sections adapted to be securedtogether, each section being formed with an inner wall to form awater-chamber entirely around the boiler, a pair-0f inward-extendingvertical hollow wings formed on each section, said wings being closed attheir inner ends and open at their outer ends, the wings of the twosections being adapted to abut together to form a substantiallygas-tight wall across the interior ofthe boiler, said wings beingshorter than the boiler-sections and forming outer vertical flues and aninner vertical flue, the outer flues munication at their upper ends withthe inner flue, and horizontal deflectors carried by the sections andextending inward in opposite directions, and a smoke-outlet from thelower end of the inner flue.

3. A boiler composed of two vertical sections each section being formedwith an outer wall and a parallel inner wall to form a waterchamberentirely around the boiler, a pair of inward-extending hollow verticalwings carried by each section, the inner ends of said wings meeting andforming gas-tight walls across the interior of the boiler and dividingit into two outside flues and one inner flue, a horizontal hollowbridge-wall section connecting the lower ends-of the wings of each ofthe boiler sections, the inner ends of said bridge-wall sections meetingand closing the lower end of the vertical flue, the upper end of saidflue being in communication with the upper ends of the outer flues andmeans carried by the sections to cause the products of combustion topass downward through the inner flue in a zigzag manner, and asmokeoutlet at the lower end of said flue.

4. A boiler composed of two vertical semi l &

cylindrical sections, each section being formed with an outer wall and aconcentric inner wall, a water-chamber being formed between them,vertical hollow inward-extending wings formed on each section, saidwings being shorter than the boiler-sections and adapted when thesections are assembled to divide the interior of the boiler into aseries of vertical flues, one of said flues being provided with asmoke-outlet at its lower end.

5. A boiler comprising two vertical sections, each section being formedwith an outer wall and an inner concentric wall, a pair ofinwardextending vertical wings formed on each section, said wings beingadapted to divide the interior of the boiler into a central flue and twoouter flues, the outer flues being in communication with the fire-box attheir lower ends and with the inner flue at their upper ends, aninward-extending hollow bridge-wall section connecting the lower'ends ofeach pair of wings and closing the lower end of the center flue, and asmoke-outlet at the lower end of said flue.

6. A boiler composed of a plurality of vertical sections adapted to bebolted together each section being formed with an inner wall to providea water-chamber entirely around the boiler and with inward-extendinghollow vertical wings in communication with said water-chamber, thewings of the sections meeting and dividing the interior of the boilerinto a plurality of outer vertical flues and an interior vertical flue,a hollow bridge-wall section connecting the lower ends of the wings ofeach section said bridge-wall sections meeting and closing the lower endof the interior flue said bridge-wall sections being in communicationwith the water-chamber around the boiler, the interior flue being formedwith a smoke-outlet at its bottom and the outer flues being incommunication at their lower ends with the fire-box below thebridge-wall and at their upper ends with the upper end of the interiorflue.

7. A boiler composed of a plurality of vertical sections adapted to bebolted together each section being formed with an inner wall to providea water-chamber entirely around the boiler and with inward-extendinghollow vertical wings in communication with said water-chamber,'thewings of the sections meeting and dividing the interior of the boilerinto a plurality of outer vertical flues and an interior vertical flue,a hollow bridge-wall section connecting the lower ends of the wings ofeach section said bridge-wall sections meeting and closing the lower endof the interior flue said bridge-wall sections being in communicationwith the water-chamber around the boiler, a series of horizontal hollowdeflectors carried by the sections at diflerent heights and extendinginto the interior flue in opposite directions and forming said flue intoa zigzag passage-way, the interior flue IIO being provided with asmoke-outlet at its bottom and the outer flues being in communication attheir lower ends with the fire-box below the bridge-wall and at theirupper ends with the upper end of the interior flue.

8. A boiler composed of two vertical semicylindrical sections, eachsection being formed with an outer wall and an inner wall, awaterchamber being formed between them, vertical hollow inward-extendingwings formed on each section, said wings being shorter than theboiler-sections and adapted when the sections are secured together todivide the interior of the boiler into aseries of vertical flues, one ofsaid flues being provided with a smokeoutlet near its bottom, and meansto close the bottom of said flue.

9. A boiler composed of two vertical semicylindrical sections, eachsection being formed with an outer wall and an inner wall, awaterchamber being formed between them, vertical hollow inward-extendingwings formed on each section, and adapted when the sections are securedtogether to divide the interior of the boiler into a series of verticalflues, one of said flues being provided with a smokeoutlet near itsbottom, and means to close the bottom of said flue.

10. A boiler composed of two vertical sections, each section beingformed with an outer wall and an innerwall, a water-chamber being formedbetween them, two hollow vertical inward-extending wings formed on eachsection and adapted to meet the corresponding wings of the other sectionto form a central flue and two outer flues, a hollow bridge-wall memberon each section connecting the lower ends of the wings, said sectionsforming a bottom to the central flue, and an inward-extending deflectorcarried by each section between the wings to cause the hot gases to passin a zigzag path through the central flue this latter flue beingprovided with a smoke-outlet.

11. A boiler composed of two vertical sections, each section beingformed with an outer wall and an inner wall, a water-chamber beingformed between them, two hollow vertical inward-extending wings formedon each section and adapted to meet the corresponding wings of the othersection to form a central flue and two outer flues, a hollow bridge-wallmember on each section connecting the lower ends of the wings, saidsections forming a bottom to the central flue, and an inward-extendinghollow deflector carried by each section between the wings and extendingbeyond the inner edge thereof whereby the deflector of one section willproject into the other section between the wings thereof, tocause thehot gases to pass through the inner flue in a zigzag manner, this latterflue being provided with a smoke-outlet.

12. A boiler composed of two vertical sections, each section beingformed with an outer wall and an inner wall, a water-chamber beingformed between them, two hollow vertical inward-extending wings formedon each sec-r tion and adapted to meet the corresponding wings of theother section to form a central flue and two outer flues, a hollowbridge-wall member on each section connecting the lower ends of thewings, said sections forming a bottom to the central flue, and aninward-extending deflector carried by each section between the wings tocause the hot gases to pass in a zigzag path through the central flue,this latter flue being provided with a smoke-outlet, a cleaning-out doorin each section between the wings, and a fire-door in one section belowthe bridge-wall member.

13. A boiler composed of two vertical sections, each section beingformed with an outer wall and an inner wall, a water-chamber beingformed between them, two hollow vertical inward-extending wings formedon each section and adapted to meet the corresponding wings of the othersection to form a central flue and two outer flues, a hollow bridge-wallmember on each section connecting the lower ends of the wings, eachsection forming a bottom to the central flue, and an inward-extendingdeflector carried by each section between the wings to cause the hotgases to pass in a zigzag path through the central flue, this lat terflue being provided with a smoke-outlet, a dome part at the upper end ofeach section and an enlarged water-chamber at the lower end thereof toform a fire-pot of reduced diameter, registering openings being formedin the lower ends of the sections and at the dome parts.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature, in the presence oftwo witnesses, this 17th day of October, 1904:.

JOHN B. BERNHARD.

Witnesses:

WM. R. DAVIS, EMMA KAUFMANN.

